Europe is over-reliant on US defence capabilities. Despite indications from successive US Presidents that Europe needs to step up, European NATO members have failed to invest in key strategic enablers. (Conclusion, Paragraph 14)

Europe is over-reliant on US defence capabilities. Despite indications from successive US Presidents that Europe needs to step up, European NATO members have failed to invest in key strategic enablers. (Conclusion, Paragraph 14) Type: conclusion | Number: 2 | Response status: under_consideration Government response: At the NATO Summit in The Hague in June 2025, all 32 Allies agreed the foundations for a stronger, fairer, and more lethal NATO now and in the future, with their historic commitment to spending 5% of GDP on defence and wider national security by 2035. This will see a generational increase in defence