The evolving understanding of climate risk and growing data on economic losses make clear that resilience must become a central organising principle for public investment. Without a shift from reactive to preventive spending, and from loosely coordinated action to clearly mandated delivery, future climate shocks will continue to impose avoidable costs on communities, infrastructure, and public finances. (Conclusion, Paragraph 68)

The evolving understanding of climate risk and growing data on economic losses make clear that resilience must become a central organising principle for public investment. Without a shift from reactive to preventive spending, and from loosely coordinated action to clearly mandated delivery, future climate shocks will continue to impose avoidable costs on communities, infrastructure, and public finances. (Conclusion, Paragraph 68) Type: conclusion | Number: 16 | Response status: under_consideration Government response: In March 2024, Defra published a report which provided an analysis of spending on flood risk management by lead local flood authorities. The findings of the report informed work with the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local government (MHCLG) on reforms to the Local government Finance Settleme